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In â€Å"Oxford Concise Dictionary Literary Terms† by Chris Baldick, characterization is defined as the representation of persons in narrative and dramatic works which include direct and indirect methods in inviting the readers to infer qualities from characters’ actions, speech, or appearance. However, modals in literature context serve as an eye opener to the personality and traits of the characters in short stories. It enables the readers to learn of the characters’ abilities, capabilities, prohibitions, obligations and so forth. The appearance of modals in literary texts serves its own specific purposes in accordance to the author’s wish. In David Leavitt’s â€Å"Territory† which describes the relationship between a mother (Mrs. Campbell) and her son (Neil) who is a homosexual, gives me an interest to explore and find out more about the characters. Through the use of modals found in the extract, it enables me to go in depth and examine t he characterization in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, in paragraph 2, line 1 of the extract, the modal â€Å"must† is used by David Leavitt to show one of Neil’s traits indirectly – â€Å"The last item puzzles him: Pedro. Pedro must be the gardener.† Here, as Neil read through his mother’s daily list found on the kitchen table, he came across the name â€Å"Pedro† which he was unfamiliar with. Eventually, he expressed an assumption which he believed was true. However, instead of using â€Å"could† to indicate possibility, the writer chose to use the modal â€Å"must† to reveal Neil’s inner self which was lacking in confidence and even probably having a strong need of self assurance despite the fact that the modal is meant to express certainty. Thus, the readers are able to know more of Neil’s character as the modal is used to create a reverse effect on the readers as an irony. Secondly, in this extract, Neil the protagonist is presented by the writer as a son who was torn between his own desire to follow his heart or to live up to the society and his mother’s expectations of him. He tried to vision himself as the son that his mother expects of him through the use of modal â€Å"could† – â€Å"He could make a list of his own selves: the child, the adolescent, the promiscuous faggot son, and finally the good son, settled, relatively successful.† (Paragraph 2, line 3)By using the modal â€Å"could†, it gives the readers a feeling that he is capable of doing what he was expected to and it only depends on whether he is willing or not.

Summarise the Main Development of a Child from the Age range 0-2, 3-5, 5-8 Years

From birth a baby can only lie on its back, by the end of 3months they start to lift their heads and kick their feet. At 3-6 months they can hold objects and transfer them from one hand to another. They also start to attempt to put objects in their mouths. At 9-12 months babies usually become more mobile by rolling, shuffling, or crawling. They can generally sit unaided for a length of time.Between 1-2 yrs they will be walking and although they still find it difficult to maintain balance most can climb stairs with supervision. So by the end of 2yrs they will be very mobile – walking, running, and able to negotiate steps. They can throw and kick a ball but may not be confident at catching.At 3yrs, children will know how to run, walk in all sorts of directions. They can jump from low heights, negotiate stairs confidently and ride a tricycle.By 4yrs, physically they should now be able to catch, kick, throw, and bounce a ball. Between 5-8 yrs they have mastered how to use a variet y of equipment and their physical ability will have improved greatly. At this point they are able to ride a bike without stabilisers. At this age they are more willing to try new things and they begin to stretch themselves further.Analyse key social, economic, and environmental factors which may influence developmentThere are lots of factors which can influence developmentNutrition Poverty Environment, including overcrowding and pollution Culture Loss or bereavement Separation or divorce of parents Learning difficulties Social factors such as love and affectionA loving, caring environment will encourage a child to socialise and develop good relationships with others. Poor housing, overcrowding, air, water, and noise pollution all have a detrimental effect on a child’s growth and development.Poverty puts children at a social disadvantage as parents who are unemployed or on low incomes may find it more difficult to provide a nutritionally balanced diet. They also tend to live i n poorer housing, which may be overcrowded. They can sometimes lack the physical and personal resources needed to provide for their children in order to grow and develop. Progress will be slow and impaired if there is a lack of stimulation. Children often find it difficult to put things into perspective and may view the loss of a favourite toy on the same level as that of a death of a close relativeChildren suffering from the anxieties of loss or bereavement may try to hide their feelings for fear of upsetting those around them, whilst others show their feelings freely.Signs of aggression and/or withdrawal are often associated with the way a child deals with their emotions. When parents separate or divorce the most likely area to be affected is social and emotional, it can make them become anxious or frightened. Their whole world, as they know it, will have been turned upside down and they experience feelings of guilt, anger, and sorrow. They can become withdrawn, tearful, aggressiv e and argumentative.Children that do not receive a lot of love and affection at home will find it difficult to develop and form good relationships with others. They can be untrusting, miserable, and unhappy although, they appear physically healthy they will be emotionally unwell. A child who has suffered from abuse will  have their health and wellbeing severely affected and abuse can have long lasting health problems.Describe Children’s Overall Development NeedsChildren’s overall development needs are love and support from parents and carers. When a child feels loved they are contented and happy which help them to be pleasant around and enables them to mix with other children successfully, gaining friendships as they grow. They also need stability as otherwise they can have physical problems such as bed wetting or sleepless nights.Diet and nutrition are also very important, fresh fruit and vegetables should be a regular part of the shopping list. This can be introduc ed at a very early age when they are beginning to taste different foods, many vegetables can be reduced to tasty soups and fruit made into smoothies.

What Is Charles Dickens Moral Message and How Does He...

Christmas Carol What is Charles Dickens moral message and how does he communicate it to the reader in â€Å"A Christmas Carol†? Christmas carol is a novel written by Charles Dickens (1812-1870) during the Victorian times in London. For me to explore the moral messages I feel it is important to acknowledge exactly what the message is. Charles Dickens throughout the novel communicates; Charity, goodwill, family, kindliness and humility as moral messages, however, I personally feel Charles Dickens most powerful and important messages are Goodwill, Family and Charity however I will still look at all moral messages as they all play an important role in A Christmas Carol. In the book Christmas, stave 2, the ghost of Christmas past takes scrooge†¦show more content†¦From this reply Scrooge is reminded from his words in Stave 1; â€Å" if he be like to die he had better do it and decrease the surplus population.† Scrooge is humbled by the Cratchitt’s gratitude over what little they have and he learns that as long as you have family you don’t need money. Lastly, family is a moral message to which dickens tries to communicate with the reader and this is shown in stave 3. The ghost takes Scrooge to places outside of the London area he sees a family of miners in a hut on a barren moor, two lighthouse keepers and sailors on a ship; and they all know they have got each other but no matter what they will celebrate as much as they want, even though there not with their family they have their friends. This all made them aware to act more kindly to one another as its Christmas. Fred – Scrooge’s nephew is having a Christmas party and Scrooge is taken and shown by the sprit. Fred explains that Scrooge is to be pitied, not despised. And his money does him no good; Fred then explains, â€Å"his offences carry their own punishment. The guesses of the party then play a game to find the identity of a thing to which questions asked can only be answered to Yes or No. The guests are then amused by the fact when Fred wife sister guesses that the mystery object is Scrooge. The mystery object was described as unwanted and this made Scrooge leave and he had come to a conclusion that things need toShow MoreRelatedA Christmas Carol Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens in 1843. Life for the lower class during this time was extremely hard because of enormous amounts of illnesses, young children worked and no education. A Christmas Carol was set in mid 19th century, during this time people had a really bad time; most of the people was unemployed and the people who were employed were paid deficiently, others were seasonal or casual, which meant they were when work was available so most of the families lived in povertyRead MoreHow Dickens Conveys Moral Lessons in a Christmas Carol Essay1879 Words   |  8 PagesWhat are the moral lessons Dickens wished to convey in A Christmas Carol and how effectively does he convey them? Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol is a classic Christmas story which contains stern moral lessons, written in 1843. These lessons are designed to make the readers of that time, the Victorians, conscience of the injustices that were present in the rapidly expanding cities of Britain, due to the Industrial Revolution. The story includes three morals, demonstrated by the three GhostsRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesany means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBoundâ„ ¢. PerfectBound â„ ¢ and the PerfectBoundâ„ ¢ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers. Adobe Acrobat E-Book Reader edition v 1. October 2001 ISBN 0-06-018987-8 The original hardcover edition of this book was published in 1991 by HarperBusiness, a division of HarperCollins Publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Marie Contents PREFACE TO THE REVISEDRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: